FFmpeg Batch for Windows

[vh688]

Hi, for the moment that feature is not available.
I think the free beta of MakeMKV is what you need.

Sorry, I mean if it is possible to load an unencrypted Blu-ray or DVD from a folder on a hard drive in FFmpeg Batch ? Thanks.

[Sandros94]

Hi Eibol, nice to be back here!

Recently I need to transcode lots of footage, and to save some time I wanted to add a 3d lut right while it was converting it in ffmpeg batch, but I'm not able to do so (nor I understand in whitch folder I should put the .cube file), any advice? I think it should be supported right? Following the instruction on the ffmpeg site I'm not getting any error, its just that it doesn't apply it.

Second question: is ffmpeg batch using a software decoder or hardware? I remember that ffmpeg could use an hardware decoder for h.264 clips (like an nvidia card), but I'm not able to do so within the program.

Third and last question: Is there a "easy" guide that you know to compile ffmpeg with fdk and nvenc? I'm really tring to do it by myself, but I'm really lost. :S

UPDATE: I actually got running the decoder and encoder in the nvidia card, and it's working perfectly, it all happened by a mistake that I made ahahahah

[Threepwood]

Hi,
Is it possible to get this to put the same video in the list in a side by side process? I've got the below working in ffmpeg but rather than having to change the file name for the inputs I'd like it if i could use this batch program to, for each file in the list, create a side by side file.

ffmpeg -i file.mp4 -vf "movie=file.mp4 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]" sidebyside.mp4

[Eibol]

Hi, sorry I had not seen the message yet, I have to look into it, my first attempts to include such feature did not go well.

Hi, for the moment that feature is not available.
I think the free beta of MakeMKV is what you need.

Sorry, I mean if it is possible to load an unencrypted Blu-ray or DVD from a folder on a hard drive in FFmpeg Batch ? Thanks.

[Eibol]

Hi, thanks for the input. I see you want to reuse the input file in the -vf filter, sorry it is not possible for the moment. I take note for future versions.

Hi,
Is it possible to get this to put the same video in the list in a side by side process? I've got the below working in ffmpeg but rather than having to change the file name for the inputs I'd like it if i could use this batch program to, for each file in the list, create a side by side file.

ffmpeg -i file.mp4 -vf "movie=file.mp4 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]" sidebyside.mp4

[Eibol]

New version 1.5.5.

Fixes:
- Fixed some issues trying preset before processing that could freeze application.
- Fixed some errors aborting multiple tasks when using slow devices.
- Fixed some bugs in stream multiplexing and batch subtitles.

Features:
- Redesigned multi-file processing, now it manages automatically simultaneous processes depending on CPU type. It shows Individual tasks progress, and any task aborted individually.

FFmpeg Batch Converter 1.5.5 (all versions)

Installer:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.5_x86.msi
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.5_x64.msi
Portable:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.5_Portable_x86.exe
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.5_Portable_x64.exe


License agreement has been slighlty modified to clarify that application can be used personal and commercially, and distributed with the same licensing as ffmpeg, provided it is not sold anyhow.

[Eibol]

Hi Threepwood, I have been working on this feature, you can try replacing your current version with this executable FFbatch.exe 1.5.6 Beta.

You just need to replace the part "movie=file.mp4 for "movie=%1 so the main input file is used again inside the filter.

-vf "movie=%1 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]"

Another consideration, please avoid characters "[ ]" in the file name, since for some reason they provoke an error.

I hope it works for you.
Cheers

Hi,
Is it possible to get this to put the same video in the list in a side by side process? I've got the below working in ffmpeg but rather than having to change the file name for the inputs I'd like it if i could use this batch program to, for each file in the list, create a side by side file.

ffmpeg -i file.mp4 -vf "movie=file.mp4 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]" sidebyside.mp4

[Threepwood]

Hi Threepwood, I have been working on this feature, you can try replacing your current version with this executable FFbatch.exe 1.5.6 Beta.

You just need to replace the part "movie=file.mp4 for "movie=%1 so the main input file is used again inside the filter.

-vf "movie=%1 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]"

Another consideration, please avoid characters "[ ]" in the file name, since for some reason they provoke an error.

I hope it works for you.
Cheers

Hi,
Cheers for that. 1.5.6 is working fine with the sbs filter you suggested. Just to let you know though the post with the 1.5.5 releases has 1.5.4 x86, not 1.5.5.
Thanks for your quick work. Much appreciated.

[Eibol]

Great, thanks also for the wrong link info.

Hi Threepwood, I have been working on this feature, you can try replacing your current version with this executable FFbatch.exe 1.5.6 Beta.

You just need to replace the part "movie=file.mp4 for "movie=%1 so the main input file is used again inside the filter.

-vf "movie=%1 [in1]; [in]pad=iw*2:ih:iw:0[in0]; [in0][in1] overlay=0:0 [out]"

Another consideration, please avoid characters "[ ]" in the file name, since for some reason they provoke an error.

I hope it works for you.
Cheers

Hi,
Cheers for that. 1.5.6 is working fine with the sbs filter you suggested. Just to let you know though the post with the 1.5.5 releases has 1.5.4 x86, not 1.5.5.
Thanks for your quick work. Much appreciated.

[Eibol]

New version 1.5.6.

- You can now reuse input file in parameters field, inside a -vf filter, by writing '%1'.
- More accurate progress information in multi-file progressing with some remaining time estimation.
- Minor interface bug fixes.


FFmpeg Batch Converter 1.5.6 (all versions)

Installer:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.6_x86.msi
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.6_x64.msi
Portable:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.6_Portable_x86.exe
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.65_Portable_x64.exe

[Eibol]

New version 1.5.7.

- Changed license to Attribution.ShareAlike.
- Minor change so multi-file processing time remaining is always shown.

Installer:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.7_x86.msi
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFbatch_setup_1.5.7_x64.msi
Portable:
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.7_Portable_x86.exe
https://files.videohelp.com/u/273695/FFmpeg_Batch_1.5.7_Portable_x64.exe

[yaiol]

Hi,

Seems it has some issue with high processing encoding. I try to encode Panasonic GH5 (mp4) into Apple ProRes (mov), but fall into multiple issues :

Commands below has been tested on command line and are working perfectly.
Tested with ffmpeg version N-91559-g5aeb3b0080

With ProRes Proxy :
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v proxy -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K

Try Preset is working
Processing file failed randomly

With other ProRes format LT, Standard, HQ:
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v lt -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K
same with -profile:v standard, -profile:v hq

Try Preset is not working, ending with an error "FFMPEG PROCESS TIMEOUT AND HAD TO BE KILLED, TRY PROCESSING FULL FILE"
When I try processing file ffmeg batch encoder is crashing letting an orphan ffmpeg process.
If I let the orphan ffmpeg process running encoded file sometimes is successful, but rarely.

You can use this file for testing
https://www.dropbox.com/s/c9lkh0ixwryxokr/CE180731-2108-1.MP4

[Eibol]

Hi, I will look into it asap.

Hi,

Seems it has some issue with high processing encoding. I try to encode Panasonic GH5 (mp4) into Apple ProRes (mov), but fall into multiple issues :

Commands below has been tested on command line and are working perfectly.
Tested with ffmpeg version N-91559-g5aeb3b0080
Hi, I will look into it asap.

With ProRes Proxy :
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v proxy -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K

Try Preset is working
Processing file failed randomly

With other ProRes format LT, Standard, HQ:
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v lt -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K
same with -profile:v standard, -profile:v hq

Try Preset is not working, ending with an error "FFMPEG PROCESS TIMEOUT AND HAD TO BE KILLED, TRY PROCESSING FULL FILE"
When I try processing file ffmeg batch encoder is crashing letting an orphan ffmpeg process.
If I let the orphan ffmpeg process running encoded file sometimes is successful, but rarely.

You can use this file for testing
https://www.dropbox.com/s/c9lkh0ixwryxokr/CE180731-2108-1.MP4

[yaiol]

Hi, I will look into it asap.

Thanks

[Eibol]

I have been unable to reproduce the issue, in my test computer I could successfully convert your sample file with both parameters sets. Result of the last one below:

https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/a0z1casG1nxCoDy/download

Any information about your version, computer environment could help.

Hi,

Seems it has some issue with high processing encoding. I try to encode Panasonic GH5 (mp4) into Apple ProRes (mov), but fall into multiple issues :

Commands below has been tested on command line and are working perfectly.
Tested with ffmpeg version N-91559-g5aeb3b0080

With ProRes Proxy :
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v proxy -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K

Try Preset is working
Processing file failed randomly

With other ProRes format LT, Standard, HQ:
-c:v prores_ks -profile:v lt -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K
same with -profile:v standard, -profile:v hq

Try Preset is not working, ending with an error "FFMPEG PROCESS TIMEOUT AND HAD TO BE KILLED, TRY PROCESSING FULL FILE"
When I try processing file ffmeg batch encoder is crashing letting an orphan ffmpeg process.
If I let the orphan ffmpeg process running encoded file sometimes is successful, but rarely.

You can use this file for testing
https://www.dropbox.com/s/c9lkh0ixwryxokr/CE180731-2108-1.MP4

[yaiol]

I have been unable to reproduce the issue, in my test computer I could successfully convert your sample file with both parameters sets. Result of the last one below:

Thanks for looking at it.

Here my computer specs :
------------------
System Information
------------------
Operating System: Windows 10 Professionnel 64-bit (10.0, Build 17134) (17134.rs4_release.180410-1804)
Language: French (Regional Setting: French)
System Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
System Model: Precision 5510
BIOS: 1.7.0 (type: UEFI)
Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz
Memory: 8192MB RAM

---------------
Display Devices
---------------
Card name: Intel(R) HD Graphics 530
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Chip type: Intel(R) HD Graphics Family
DAC type: Internal
Display Memory: 4154 MB
Dedicated Memory: 128 MB
Shared Memory: 4026 MB
Current Mode: 1920 x 1080 (32 bit) (60Hz)
HDR Support: Not Supported

Card name: NVIDIA Quadro M1000M
Manufacturer: NVIDIA
Chip type: Quadro M1000M
DAC type: Integrated RAMDAC
Display Memory: 6037 MB
Dedicated Memory: 2010 MB
Shared Memory: 4026 MB
Current Mode: Unknown
HDR Support: Unknown

FFmpeg batch convertor: 1.5.7

ffmpeg version N-91559-g5aeb3b0080 Copyright (c) 2000-2018 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 7.3.1 (GCC) 20180722
configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth
libavutil 56. 18.102 / 56. 18.102
libavcodec 58. 22.100 / 58. 22.100
libavformat 58. 17.101 / 58. 17.101
libavdevice 58. 4.101 / 58. 4.101
libavfilter 7. 26.100 / 7. 26.100
libswscale 5. 2.100 / 5. 2.100
libswresample 3. 2.100 / 3. 2.100
libpostproc 55. 2.100 / 55. 2.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder

Could it possible there is a timer into ffmpeg batch converter waiting for ffmpeg text output and my computer is not responding fast enough ?

To give you an idea when encoding into prores 422 standard is very slow around 1 FPS.
frame= 47 fps=0.9 q=-0.0 size= 103424kB time=00:00:01.51 bitrate=559363.7kbits/s speed=0.0296x

For your information, same ffmpeg parameters is successful with other ffmpeg batch program.
http://corz.org/windows/software/ffe/

[Eibol]

I think you could be right, when you press "convert" button, preset is tried automatically, I had to set a timeout because for some reasons ffmpeg hangs with some convertions because some files need to be further processed before they start showing some progress, so program gets stuck.
You can try replacing your current .exe with this beta that removes initial preset trial.

https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk/download

If it solves your issue I will include in the future trying presets as a choice.

I have been unable to reproduce the issue, in my test computer I could successfully convert your sample file with both parameters sets. Result of the last one below:

Thanks for looking at it.

Here my computer specs :
------------------
System Information
------------------
Operating System: Windows 10 Professionnel 64-bit (10.0, Build 17134) (17134.rs4_release.180410-1804)
Language: French (Regional Setting: French)
System Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
System Model: Precision 5510
BIOS: 1.7.0 (type: UEFI)
Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-6300HQ CPU @ 2.30GHz (4 CPUs), ~2.3GHz
Memory: 8192MB RAM

---------------
Display Devices
---------------
Card name: Intel(R) HD Graphics 530
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Chip type: Intel(R) HD Graphics Family
DAC type: Internal
Display Memory: 4154 MB
Dedicated Memory: 128 MB
Shared Memory: 4026 MB
Current Mode: 1920 x 1080 (32 bit) (60Hz)
HDR Support: Not Supported

Card name: NVIDIA Quadro M1000M
Manufacturer: NVIDIA
Chip type: Quadro M1000M
DAC type: Integrated RAMDAC
Display Memory: 6037 MB
Dedicated Memory: 2010 MB
Shared Memory: 4026 MB
Current Mode: Unknown
HDR Support: Unknown

FFmpeg batch convertor: 1.5.7

ffmpeg version N-91559-g5aeb3b0080 Copyright (c) 2000-2018 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 7.3.1 (GCC) 20180722
configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth
libavutil 56. 18.102 / 56. 18.102
libavcodec 58. 22.100 / 58. 22.100
libavformat 58. 17.101 / 58. 17.101
libavdevice 58. 4.101 / 58. 4.101
libavfilter 7. 26.100 / 7. 26.100
libswscale 5. 2.100 / 5. 2.100
libswresample 3. 2.100 / 3. 2.100
libpostproc 55. 2.100 / 55. 2.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder

Could it possible there is a timer into ffmpeg batch converter waiting for ffmpeg text output and my computer is not responding fast enough ?

To give you an idea when encoding into prores 422 standard is very slow around 1 FPS.
frame= 47 fps=0.9 q=-0.0 size= 103424kB time=00:00:01.51 bitrate=559363.7kbits/s speed=0.0296x

For your information, same ffmpeg parameters is successful with other ffmpeg batch program.
http://corz.org/windows/software/ffe/

[yaiol]

I think you could be right, when you press "convert" button, preset is tried automatically, I had to set a timeout because for some reasons ffmpeg hangs with some convertions because some files need to be further processed before they start showing some progress, so program gets stuck.
You can try replacing your current .exe with this beta that removes initial preset trial.

https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk/download

If it solves your issue I will include in the future trying presets as a choice.

Just made the test, unfortunately does the same, crash with orphan process of ffmepg still running.
No idea of how I can give you more information.

[Eibol]

Finally I could reproduce the issue, program closed itself leaving the gui process and an orphan ffmpeg process, that finishes the convertion properly.
I will have to look deep into the issue, it will take some time. I'll let you know.

I think you could be right, when you press "convert" button, preset is tried automatically, I had to set a timeout because for some reasons ffmpeg hangs with some convertions because some files need to be further processed before they start showing some progress, so program gets stuck.
You can try replacing your current .exe with this beta that removes initial preset trial.

https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk/download

If it solves your issue I will include in the future trying presets as a choice.

Just made the test, unfortunately does the same, crash with orphan process of ffmepg still running.
No idea of how I can give you more information.

[yaiol]

Finally I could reproduce the issue, program closed itself leaving the gui process and an orphan ffmpeg process, that finishes the convertion properly.

Glad you found a way to reproduce it, good luck for the bug hunt.

[Eibol]

Thanks to your input I found the issue, for some reason ffmpeg shows a negative time stamp processing this file, which is never expected by progress information module so the program crashes. I hope I can fix it soon.

Finally I could reproduce the issue, program closed itself leaving the gui process and an orphan ffmpeg process, that finishes the convertion properly.

Glad you found a way to reproduce it, good luck for the bug hunt.

[yaiol]

for some reason ffmpeg shows a negative time stamp processing this file, which is never expected by progress information module so the program crashes.

I try with adding -avoid_negative_ts make_zero to the command to check your hypothesis
See documentation https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-formats.html

-i %1 -c:v prores_ks -profile:v standard -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K -avoid_negative_ts make_zero

But is still crashing.

Seems ffmpeg show negatice time stamp, maybe some useful information for you here
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032079/ffmpeg-start-time-is-negative

[Eibol]

Hi, I have tried a fix in a similar Windows 10 environment and it could solve your issues. No need for -avoid_negative_ts make_zero, but you can use it anyway.

Trying preset will time out, but if you continue the conversion should work. You let me know.

https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk

for some reason ffmpeg shows a negative time stamp processing this file, which is never expected by progress information module so the program crashes.

I try with adding -avoid_negative_ts make_zero to the command to check your hypothesis
See documentation https://ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg-formats.html

-i %1 -c:v prores_ks -profile:v standard -vendor:v ap10 -pix_fmt yuv422p10le -c:a pcm_s16le -chunk_size 64K -avoid_negative_ts make_zero

But is still crashing.

Seems ffmpeg show negatice time stamp, maybe some useful information for you here
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032079/ffmpeg-start-time-is-negative

[yaiol]

Hi, I have tried a fix in a similar Windows 10 environment and it could solve your issues. No need for -avoid_negative_ts make_zero, but you can use it anyway.

Thumb up, it works now perfectly

[yaiol]

Hi back,

I have a new feature request that would really improve usuability of your software, as some converstion like ProRes are really process consuming it can takes hours for a large project, took me like 16 hours to encode a 30 min video. It would be very nice if one could control the process priority : Idle/Low, Below Normal, Normal etc ..

[Eibol]

Good to know it works fine.
Changing processes priority in Windows can be "tricky", since the task scheduler can ignore attempts to set an specific priorities. I'll do some testing setting lower priority for ffmpeg child process. If it works as expected I'll include it on the next version.

Hi, I have tried a fix in a similar Windows 10 environment and it could solve your issues. No need for -avoid_negative_ts make_zero, but you can use it anyway.

Thumb up, it works now perfectly

[Eibol]

I have added some priority code in this beta, it can be used once conversion starts. You can try the feature, I hope it fulfills your needs.
https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk

Hi back,

I have a new feature request that would really improve usuability of your software, as some converstion like ProRes are really process consuming it can takes hours for a large project, took me like 16 hours to encode a 30 min video. It would be very nice if one could control the process priority : Idle/Low, Below Normal, Normal etc ..

[shiro100]

Thx Eibol for this software, I was looking long time for something small and useful like this

Wanna ask few things though:
Anyone encountered that Output path is always reverting back to "..\FFBatch" ? Regardless of what I type there, or choose from Browse dialog, after I close program and open it again, the output path is always reverted back to "..\FFBatch"
I dont know how to save it, tried "save settings" button, but it save only default saved parameters for ffmpeg command line, not any other user config.

Can be entire program window made freely resizable, or even maximizable with automatic adjustment of its contents? The "Presets" and "Parameters" textboxes are too small, if I want to write preset description in more detail. And I can also see only small portion of Parameters in its textbox (ffmpeg command line)

[Eibol]

I'm glad you enjoy the software.

Output folder is not one of the parameters saved yet, only the checkbox parameters are saved (include subfolders, recreate-path, open on completion) as well as default preset. I will include output folder as a parameter to be saved in next version coming soon.

Regarding resizable window/controls, I will look into it too.
Cheers

Thx Eibol for this software, I was looking long time for something small and useful like this

Wanna ask few things though:
Anyone encountered that Output path is always reverting back to "..\FFBatch" ? Regardless of what I type there, or choose from Browse dialog, after I close program and open it again, the output path is always reverted back to "..\FFBatch"
I dont know how to save it, tried "save settings" button, but it save only default saved parameters for ffmpeg command line, not any other user config.

Can be entire program window made freely resizable, or even maximizable with automatic adjustment of its contents? The "Presets" and "Parameters" textboxes are too small, if I want to write preset description in more detail. And I can also see only small portion of Parameters in its textbox (ffmpeg command line)

[yaiol]

I have added some priority code in this beta, it can be used once conversion starts. You can try the feature, I hope it fulfills your needs.
https://drive.upm.es/index.php/s/578NMznnmaU9Phk

Thanks for your effort, I tested the beta but seems the priority set within the drop down list doesn't affect the ffmpeg process. Neither the current process, neither the following process.

Tested with SysInternals Process Explorer. ffmpeg Process Priority keeps on 8 (Normal).