/**
* Search Engine Keyword Highlight (http://fucoder.com/code/se-hilite/)
*
* This module can be imported by any HTML page, and it would analyse the
* referrer for search engine keywords, and then highlight those keywords on
* the page, by wrapping them around ... tags.
* Document can then define styles else where to provide visual feedbacks.
*
* Usage:
*
* In HTML. Add the following line towards the end of the document.
*
*
*
* In CSS, define the following style:
*
* .hilite { background-color: #ff0; }
*
* If Hilite.style_name_suffix is true, then define the follow styles:
*
* .hilite1 { background-color: #ff0; }
* .hilite2 { background-color: #f0f; }
* .hilite3 { background-color: #0ff; }
* .hilite4 ...
*
* @author Scott Yang
* @version 1.3
*/
// Configuration:
Hilite = {
/**
* Element ID to be highlighted. If set, then only content inside this DOM
* element will be highlighted, otherwise everything inside document.body
* will be searched.
*/
elementid: 'mainpage',
/**
* Whether we are matching an exact word. For example, searching for
* "highlight" will only match "highlight" but not "highlighting" if exact
* is set to true.
*/
exact: true,
/**
* Maximum number of DOM nodes to test, before handing the control back to
* the GUI thread. This prevents locking up the UI when parsing and
* replacing inside a large document.
*/
max_nodes: 10,
/**
* Whether to automatically hilite a section of the HTML document, by
* binding the "Hilite.hilite()" to window.onload() event. If this
* attribute is set to false, you can still manually trigger the hilite by
* calling Hilite.hilite() in Javascript after document has been fully
* loaded.
*/
onload: true,
/**
* Name of the style to be used. Default to 'hilite'.
*/
style_name: 'hilite',
style_nameover: 'hiliteover',
/**
* Whether to use different style names for different search keywords by
* appending a number starting from 1, i.e. hilite1, hilite2, etc.
*/
style_name_suffix: false,
/**
* Set it to override the document.referrer string. Used for debugging
* only.
*/
debug_referrer: ''
};
/**
* Highlight a DOM element with a list of keywords.
*/
Hilite.hiliteElement = function(elm, query, mouseover) {
if (!query || elm.childNodes.length == 0)
return;
var qre = new Array();
var qreregex = new Array();
var stylemapper = {};
for (var i = 0; i < query.length; i ++) {
query[i] = query[i].toLowerCase();
stylemapper[query[i].replace("\\","")] = q2[i];
if (Hilite.exact)
qre.push('\\b'+query[i]+'\\b');
else
qre.push(query[i]);
}
var textproc = function(node)
{
qreregex = new RegExp(qre.join("|"), "i");
var match = qreregex.exec(node.data);
if (match) {
var val = match[0];
var k = '';
var node2 = node.splitText(match.index);
var node3 = node2.splitText(val.length);
var span = node.ownerDocument.createElement('SPAN');
node.parentNode.replaceChild(span, node2);
span.className = Hilite.style_name;
span.onmouseover = new Function('this.className = Hilite.style_nameover;return overlib(\''+stylemapper[val.toLowerCase().replace("\\","")]+'\');');
span.onmouseout = new Function('this.className=Hilite.style_name;return nd();');
span.appendChild(node2);
for (var i = 0; i < qre.length; i ++)
{
if(qre[i]=='\\b'+(val.toLowerCase().replace("\\",""))+'\\b')
{
qre[i] = 'ignoreme';
}
}
return span;
} else {
return node;
}
};
Hilite.walkElements(elm.childNodes[0], 1, textproc);
};
/**
* Highlight a HTML document using keywords extracted from document.referrer.
* This is the main function to be called to perform search engine highlight
* on a document.
*
* Currently it would check for DOM element 'content', element 'container' and
* then document.body in that order, so it only highlights appropriate section
* on WordPress and Movable Type pages.
*/
Hilite.hilite = function() {
// If 'debug_referrer' then we will use that as our referrer string
// instead.
var q;
var e = null;
q = new Array('Progressive scan', 'Progressive', 'Noninterlaced', 'Non-Interlaced', 'Interlace', 'Interlaced', 'Interlacing', 'non-progressive', 'Demultiplex', 'Demultiplexing', 'Demux', 'Demuxing', 'Overlay', 'Hardware Overlay', 'Video Overlay', 'Aspect Ratio', 'Display Aspect Ratio', 'DAR', 'Multiplex', 'Multiplexing', 'Mux', 'Muxing', 'Motion compensation and prediction', 'Region Coding Enhancement', 'RCE', 'Garbage In Garbage Out', 'GIGO', 'Deinterlace', 'Deinterlacing', 'Time Base Corrector', 'TBC', 'Bidirectional prediction', 'Matroska', 'MKA', 'MKV', 'MKS', 'MultiAngle', 'Multi-Angle', 'Pixel Aspect Ratio', 'PAR', 'GOP', 'Group Of Pictures', 'Inverse Telecine', 'IVTC', 'Physical Sector Number', 'ECC Constraint Length', '4:2:2', '4:4:4', '4:4:4:4', 'HD-DVD', 'HDDVD', 'HD DVD', 'BitSetting', 'BookType', 'Lossless Compression', 'BluRay', 'Blu-Ray', 'BD', 'Perceptual Coding', 'Motion Estimation', 'Lossy Compression', 'Elementary Stream', 'DVD-Audio', 'DVD-A', 'DVD\\+R DL', 'DVD\\+R9', 'MP3 ID3 Tag', 'ID3', 'Transport Stream', 'Lossless linking', 'Linear PCM', 'LPCM', 'Kodak Picture CD', 'Edge Enhancement', 'VCD Header trick', 'AVC', 'H\.264', 'H264', 'Navigation Data', 'Component Video', 'Quantize Matrix', 'Composite Video', 'Sequence Header', 'Program Stream', 'ATA', 'EIDE', 'IDE', 'Pan & Scan', 'Entropy coding', 'Square Pixels', 'Mount Rainier', 'MPV', 'M1V', 'M2V', 'MPA', 'MP1', 'MP2', 'DVR-MS', 'dvrms', 'Region Coding', 'miniDVD', 'cDVD', '2:3 pulldown', '3:2 pulldown', 'Reed-Solomon', 'Chroma noise', 'Quantisation', '2:2 pulldown', 'Antialiasing', 'Transcoding', 'Macrovision', 'Multisystem', 'DV Timecode', 'Sample Rate', 'Scalability', 'Closed GOP', 'Macroblock', 'Frameserve', 'Chroma Key', 'Resampling', 'DROP FRAME', 'Chroma bug', 'Ogg Theora', 'Ogg Vorbis', 'Anamorphic', 'MPEG Audio', 'Letterbox', 'Pro-Logic', 'CD-ROM XA', 'Time Code', 'VC1', 'VC-1', 'DVD-R DL', 'Overscan', 'PTT Menu', 'Aliasing', 'Firmware', 'Digital8', 'Telecine', 'Open GOP', 'PULLDOWN', 'Firewire', 'AUDIO_TS', 'VIDEO_TS', 'Artifact', 'Overburn', 'PhotoVCD', 'ISO 9660', 'Telesync', 'Screener', 'IEEE1394', 'P Frame', 'I Frame', 'AfroPic', 'Huffyuv', 'B Frame', 'CD-Plus', 'UDF/ISO', 'Half D1', 'Bootleg', 'DVD-MP3', 'Mini DV', 'DVD-RAM', 'BIN', 'CUE', 'MICROMV', 'Joliet', 'DVD-VR', 'DivXHD', 'DVD-10', 'HQ-VCD', 'PCMCIA', 'i\.Link', 'FourCC', 'MPEG-4', 'Coring', 'MPEG-3', 'ARccOS', 'I-MPEG', 'MPEG-7', '625/50', '525/60', 'MacVCD', 'DVD-18', '4:1:1', 'XSVCD', 'AVCHD', 'ATAPI', 'D-VHS', 'DVD-5', 'DVD-9', 'P-CAV', 'Warez', 'Z-CLV', 'Block', 'SECAM', 'WMVHD', '1080p', 'CD-DA', '1080i', 'RS-PC', 'MJPEG', 'SVCD', 'XVCD', 'iDVD', 'NTSC', 'AIFF', 'ATSC', '3ivX', 'DSDL', 'SSSL', 'SDTV', 'SSDL', 'UPnP', '480p', '720p', 'HDMI', 'SCSI', 'CD-i', 'KVCD', 'HTPC', 'DSSL', 'SACD', 'HDTV', 'CD\\+G', 'RAID', 'TSCV', 'SATA', 'ASPI', 'DiVA', 'OGM', 'IMG', 'CLV', 'ASF', 'UOP', 'OEM', 'HVD', 'FLV', 'WMF', 'CAV', 'CVD', 'HDV', 'PUO', 'VFR', 'MP4', 'M2T', 'ISO', 'CDA', 'M3U', 'ASX', 'DSI', 'EDS', 'fps', 'CSS', 'PCM', 'PIP', 'POP', 'VfW', 'ASV', 'bps', 'DSL', 'VBI', 'MLP', 'UDF', 'RGB', 'SIF', 'PAL', 'DTV', 'DVB', 'Hi8', '3GP', 'RLC', 'DCT', 'DTS', 'VBR', 'CBR', 'PBC', 'YUV', 'DVI');
q2 = new Array('Progressive scan - Progressive or non-interlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence. This is in contrast to the interlacing used in traditional television systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan', 'Progressive - Progressive or non-interlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence. This is in contrast to the interlacing used in traditional television systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan', 'Noninterlaced - Progressive or non-interlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence. This is in contrast to the interlacing used in traditional television systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan', 'Non-Interlaced - Progressive or non-interlaced scanning is any method for displaying, storing or transmitting moving images in which the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence. This is in contrast to the interlacing used in traditional television systems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan', 'Interlace - Each frame of a video picture is scanned twice. Firstly, all the odd lines are broadcast, then all the even lines are broadcast. Each set of odd/even lines is known as a field. Two fields therefore make up a frame. The point of doing this is to reduce flicker, and not increase bandwidth.', 'Interlaced - Each frame of a video picture is scanned twice. Firstly, all the odd lines are broadcast, then all the even lines are broadcast. Each set of odd/even lines is known as a field. Two fields therefore make up a frame. The point of doing this is to reduce flicker, and not increase bandwidth.', 'Interlacing - Each frame of a video picture is scanned twice. Firstly, all the odd lines are broadcast, then all the even lines are broadcast. Each set of odd/even lines is known as a field. Two fields therefore make up a frame. The point of doing this is to reduce flicker, and not increase bandwidth.', 'non-progressive - Each frame of a video picture is scanned twice. Firstly, all the odd lines are broadcast, then all the even lines are broadcast. Each set of odd/even lines is known as a field. Two fields therefore make up a frame. The point of doing this is to reduce flicker, and not increase bandwidth.', 'Demultiplex - Splitting the video and audio to separate files. Also called Demux.', 'Demultiplexing - Splitting the video and audio to separate files. Also called Demux.', 'Demux - Splitting the video and audio to separate files. Also called Demux.', 'Demuxing - Splitting the video and audio to separate files. Also called Demux.', 'Overlay - Hardware overlay, also known as video overlay, is a method of rendering an image to a display screen with a dedicated memory buffer inside computer video hardware, to display a fast-moving video image such as a computer game, a DVD, or the signal from a TV card. Hardware overlay is supported by most video cards (since about 1998) and media players. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_overlay', 'Hardware Overlay - Hardware overlay, also known as video overlay, is a method of rendering an image to a display screen with a dedicated memory buffer inside computer video hardware, to display a fast-moving video image such as a computer game, a DVD, or the signal from a TV card. Hardware overlay is supported by most video cards (since about 1998) and media players. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_overlay', 'Video Overlay - Hardware overlay, also known as video overlay, is a method of rendering an image to a display screen with a dedicated memory buffer inside computer video hardware, to display a fast-moving video image such as a computer game, a DVD, or the signal from a TV card. Hardware overlay is supported by most video cards (since about 1998) and media players. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_overlay', 'Aspect Ratio - A 4:3 aspect ratio means the horizontal size is a third again wider than the vertical size. Standard television ratio is 4:3 (or 1.33:1). Widescreen DVD and HTDV aspect ratio is 16:9 (or 1.78:1). Common film aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.35:1. Aspect ratios normalized to a height of 1 are often abbreviated by leaving off the :1.', 'Display Aspect Ratio - A 4:3 aspect ratio means the horizontal size is a third again wider than the vertical size. Standard television ratio is 4:3 (or 1.33:1). Widescreen DVD and HTDV aspect ratio is 16:9 (or 1.78:1). Common film aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.35:1. Aspect ratios normalized to a height of 1 are often abbreviated by leaving off the :1.', 'DAR - A 4:3 aspect ratio means the horizontal size is a third again wider than the vertical size. Standard television ratio is 4:3 (or 1.33:1). Widescreen DVD and HTDV aspect ratio is 16:9 (or 1.78:1). Common film aspect ratios are 1.85:1 and 2.35:1. Aspect ratios normalized to a height of 1 are often abbreviated by leaving off the :1.', 'Multiplex - Joining video and audio to one file. Also called Mux.', 'Multiplexing - Joining video and audio to one file. Also called Mux.', 'Mux - Joining video and audio to one file. Also called Mux.', 'Muxing - Joining video and audio to one file. Also called Mux.', 'Motion compensation and prediction - Motion compensation and prediction are performed at the macroblock layer.
The goal of motion compensation is to provide a good prediction for the macroblock. Actually, in the macroblocks where prediction is applied, the DCT is performed to the prediction errors instead of to the image samples and more the prediction errors are low and more the entropy coding is effective. Therefore, with good pre...', 'Region Coding Enhancement - Abbreviated RCE, it is a digital enhancement added to some studios DVDs to stop region 1 (R1) DVDs from playing on Region-free DVD players.
Extensive discussion & movie list is found on DVDtalk.com', 'RCE - Abbreviated RCE, it is a digital enhancement added to some studios DVDs to stop region 1 (R1) DVDs from playing on Region-free DVD players.
Extensive discussion & movie list is found on DVDtalk.com', 'Garbage In Garbage Out - Garbage In, Garbage Out or sometimes called Crap In, Crap Out is a computer term describing the fact that the output data is only as good as the input data. It means basicly the same as a video term, the output video and audio quality can only be as good as the source video and audio quality.', 'GIGO - Garbage In, Garbage Out or sometimes called Crap In, Crap Out is a computer term describing the fact that the output data is only as good as the input data. It means basicly the same as a video term, the output video and audio quality can only be as good as the source video and audio quality.', 'Deinterlace - The process of creating a single frame from the 2 interlaced fields of a video frame. Deinterlacing is used to remove the interlacing artifacts if a still frame is required, or if the video is being used at a different rate than it was created. Extensive Info', 'Deinterlacing - The process of creating a single frame from the 2 interlaced fields of a video frame. Deinterlacing is used to remove the interlacing artifacts if a still frame is required, or if the video is being used at a different rate than it was created. Extensive Info', 'Time Base Corrector - A hardware device used to remove or mask variations in the video synchronizing signals, which can result in skewing and other distortions in the video image generated by unavoidable mechanical inaccuracies in helical scan recorders. This is accomplished by automatically delaying the video signal so that each line starts at the proper time. In capturing a TBC is used to clean up analog tape pro...', 'TBC - A hardware device used to remove or mask variations in the video synchronizing signals, which can result in skewing and other distortions in the video image generated by unavoidable mechanical inaccuracies in helical scan recorders. This is accomplished by automatically delaying the video signal so that each line starts at the proper time. In capturing a TBC is used to clean up analog tape pro...', 'Bidirectional prediction - A form of compression in which the codec uses information not only from frames that have already been decompressed, but also from frames yet to come. The codec looks in two directions: ahead as well as back. This helps avoid large spikes in data rate caused by scene changes or fast movement, improving image quality.', 'Matroska - A new video and audio container format similiar to AVI but with several new features like support for OGG audio, Variable Framerate Video.
Matroska File Formats:
.mkv : Generally video files, as well those containing audio ( movies ) or video only
.mka : audio only files, can contain any supported audio compresion format, such as MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC3, DTS, PCM and soon MPC ( musepack )
....', 'MKA - A new video and audio container format similiar to AVI but with several new features like support for OGG audio, Variable Framerate Video.
Matroska File Formats:
.mkv : Generally video files, as well those containing audio ( movies ) or video only
.mka : audio only files, can contain any supported audio compresion format, such as MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC3, DTS, PCM and soon MPC ( musepack )
....', 'MKV - A new video and audio container format similiar to AVI but with several new features like support for OGG audio, Variable Framerate Video.
Matroska File Formats:
.mkv : Generally video files, as well those containing audio ( movies ) or video only
.mka : audio only files, can contain any supported audio compresion format, such as MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC3, DTS, PCM and soon MPC ( musepack )
....', 'MKS - A new video and audio container format similiar to AVI but with several new features like support for OGG audio, Variable Framerate Video.
Matroska File Formats:
.mkv : Generally video files, as well those containing audio ( movies ) or video only
.mka : audio only files, can contain any supported audio compresion format, such as MP2, MP3, Vorbis, AAC, AC3, DTS, PCM and soon MPC ( musepack )
....', 'MultiAngle - A scene recorded from different viewpoints. Each angle is equal in time length and an Angle Block may contain up to nine (9) angles.', 'Multi-Angle - A scene recorded from different viewpoints. Each angle is equal in time length and an Angle Block may contain up to nine (9) angles.', 'Pixel Aspect Ratio - The ratio of width to height of a single pixel. Often means sample pitch aspect ratio (when referring to sampled digital video). Pixel aspect ratio for a given raster can be calculated as y/x multiplied by w/h (where x and y are the raster horizontal pixel count and vertical pixel count, and w and h are the display aspect ratio width and height). Pixel aspect ratios are also confusingly calculated...', 'PAR - The ratio of width to height of a single pixel. Often means sample pitch aspect ratio (when referring to sampled digital video). Pixel aspect ratio for a given raster can be calculated as y/x multiplied by w/h (where x and y are the raster horizontal pixel count and vertical pixel count, and w and h are the display aspect ratio width and height). Pixel aspect ratios are also confusingly calculated...', 'GOP - A Group Of Pictures (GOP) consists of all the pictures that follow a GOP header before another GOP header.
The GOP layer allows random access because the first picture after the GOP header is an Intra picture that means that it doesnt need any reference to any other picture.
The GOP layer is optional, i.e. its not mandatory to put any GOP header in the bitstream.
In the header there is also t...', 'Group Of Pictures - A Group Of Pictures (GOP) consists of all the pictures that follow a GOP header before another GOP header.
The GOP layer allows random access because the first picture after the GOP header is an Intra picture that means that it doesnt need any reference to any other picture.
The GOP layer is optional, i.e. its not mandatory to put any GOP header in the bitstream.
In the header there is also t...', 'Inverse Telecine - Inverse telecine (IVTC) is when a codec takes a 29.97 frames per second interlaced NTSC video that has gone through the telecine process and reconstructs the original 24 frames per second progressive FILM video.', 'IVTC - Inverse telecine (IVTC) is when a codec takes a 29.97 frames per second interlaced NTSC video that has gone through the telecine process and reconstructs the original 24 frames per second progressive FILM video.', 'Physical Sector Number - Serial number assigned to physical sectors on a DVD disc. Serial incremented numbers are assigned to sectors from the head sector in the Data Area as 30000h from the start of the Lead In Area to the end of the Lead Out Area.', 'ECC Constraint Length - The number of sectors that are interleaved to combat bursty error characteristics of discs. 16 sectors are interleaved in DVD. Interleaving takes advantage of typical disc defects such as scratch marks by spreading the error over a larger data area, thereby increasing the chance that the error correction codes can conceal the error.', '4:2:2 - Put simply 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 terms are descriptions of the sample formats used in digital video. In the early 80s tests were done to determine the sample formats and rates for digital video. The eventual sample structure used for SDI video ended up being 4 times the base sample rate chosen.
The first 4 in the 4:2:2 term is for luminance or the black and white information, and this is where most of...', '4:4:4 - Put simply 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 terms are descriptions of the sample formats used in digital video. In the early 80s tests were done to determine the sample formats and rates for digital video. The eventual sample structure used for SDI video ended up being 4 times the base sample rate chosen.
The first 4 in the 4:2:2 term is for luminance or the black and white information, and this is where most of...', '4:4:4:4 - Put simply 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 terms are descriptions of the sample formats used in digital video. In the early 80s tests were done to determine the sample formats and rates for digital video. The eventual sample structure used for SDI video ended up being 4 times the base sample rate chosen.
The first 4 in the 4:2:2 term is for luminance or the black and white information, and this is where most of...', 'HD-DVD - HD DVD (High Density DVD or High Definition DVD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD-DVD', 'HDDVD - HD DVD (High Density DVD or High Definition DVD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD-DVD', 'HD DVD - HD DVD (High Density DVD or High Definition DVD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD-DVD', 'BitSetting - For a DVD player or drive to identify what kind of disc is loaded, it queries the so called Book Type Field found in the lead-in section of each DVD disc. These few bits, commonly referred to as compatibility bitsettings tell the drive which low-level format specification does the media conform to, such as DVD-ROM, DVD+R or DVD+RW.
Most DVD players will read a DVD+RW or DVD+R disc without any...', 'BookType - For a DVD player or drive to identify what kind of disc is loaded, it queries the so called Book Type Field found in the lead-in section of each DVD disc. These few bits, commonly referred to as compatibility bitsettings tell the drive which low-level format specification does the media conform to, such as DVD-ROM, DVD+R or DVD+RW.
Most DVD players will read a DVD+RW or DVD+R disc without any...', 'Lossless Compression - Compression techniques that allow the original data to be recreated without loss. Contrast with lossy compression.', 'BluRay - A Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc', 'Blu-Ray - A Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc', 'BD - A Blu-ray Disc (BD) is a next-generation optical disc format designed for high-density storage of high-definition video and data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc', 'Perceptual Coding - Lossy compression techniques based on the study of human perception. Perceptual coding systems identify and remove information that is least likely to be missed by the average human observer.', 'Motion Estimation - In video encoding, the process of analyzing previous or future frames to identify blocks that have not changed or have only changed location. Motion vectors are then stored in place of the blocks. This is very computation-intensive and can cause visual artifacts when subject to errors.', 'Lossy Compression - Compression techniques that achieve very high compression ratios by permanently removing data while preserving as much significant information as possible. Lossy compression includes perceptual coding techniques that attempt to limit the data loss to that which is least likely to be noticed by human perception.', 'Elementary Stream - The output of an MPEG video encoder is a video elementary stream and the output of an audio encoder is an audio elementary stream. Before being multiplexed video and audio elementary streams are packetized to form the Video PES and the Audio PES.
PES Packet structure
The packet length is variable:
Header
packet start-code prefix (3bytes)
stream identifier (1 byte)
PES packet length (...', 'DVD-Audio - DVD-Audio or sometimes called DVD-A is a separate format from DVD-Video. It is a format specifically designed to provide the highest possible audio fidelity capable on DVD. DVD-Audio provides for audio in stereo and in multi-channel surround in a wide range of specifications. In addition to audio, a DVD-Audio disk can contain a limited amount of video, which can be used to display text, such as ly...', 'DVD-A - DVD-Audio or sometimes called DVD-A is a separate format from DVD-Video. It is a format specifically designed to provide the highest possible audio fidelity capable on DVD. DVD-Audio provides for audio in stereo and in multi-channel surround in a wide range of specifications. In addition to audio, a DVD-Audio disk can contain a limited amount of video, which can be used to display text, such as ly...', 'DVD\\+R DL - DVD+R DL or called DVD+R9 is a Dual Layer writeable DVD+R. The dual layered discs can hold 7.95 GB or around 8 540 000 000 bytes (called DVD-9) and a double sided dual layered disc 15.9 GB or around 17 080 000 000 bytes (called DVD-18).', 'DVD\\+R9 - DVD+R DL or called DVD+R9 is a Dual Layer writeable DVD+R. The dual layered discs can hold 7.95 GB or around 8 540 000 000 bytes (called DVD-9) and a double sided dual layered disc 15.9 GB or around 17 080 000 000 bytes (called DVD-18).', 'MP3 ID3 Tag - An MP3 ID3 Tag is information stored at the end of an MP3 file. The tag can contain information about the Title/Songname, Artist, Album, Year, Comment, and Genre in version 1 and also Track in version 1.1. A proposed Version 2 is out which would be extendable to include more information and picture(s). ID3.org', 'ID3 - An MP3 ID3 Tag is information stored at the end of an MP3 file. The tag can contain information about the Title/Songname, Artist, Album, Year, Comment, and Genre in version 1 and also Track in version 1.1. A proposed Version 2 is out which would be extendable to include more information and picture(s). ID3.org', 'Transport Stream - The Input of the Transport Stream Multiplexer and the Output of the Transport Stream Demultiplexer are the Video and Audio Packetized Elementary Streams (PES)
MPEG-2 Transport Stream:
may contain one or multiple programs (even with independent time-base); is suitable to no error-free transmision; has a fixed length packet structure.
Transport Packet (188 bytes)
Header: 4 bytes
Payload: ...', 'Lossless linking - In the DVD+RW Video format, video can be encoded with a variable bit-rate (VBR). Because the writing process takes place at a constant bit rate, the writing process needs to be suspended and continued frequently. Normally, this would result in a linking loss, making the disc incompatible with read-only devices like DVD Video players and DVD-ROM drives. With DVD+RW it is possible to perform lossles...', 'Linear PCM - Linear PCM (LPCM) is an uncompressed audio format that is similar to CD audio, but with higher sampling frequencies and quantisations. LPCM offers up to 8 channels of 48kHz or 96kHz sampling frequency and 16, 20 or 24 bits per sample but not all at the same time. These values compare with 44.1kHz and 16 bits as used for CD audio. The maximum bit rate is 6.144 Mb/s, which is much higher than Dolby ...', 'LPCM - Linear PCM (LPCM) is an uncompressed audio format that is similar to CD audio, but with higher sampling frequencies and quantisations. LPCM offers up to 8 channels of 48kHz or 96kHz sampling frequency and 16, 20 or 24 bits per sample but not all at the same time. These values compare with 44.1kHz and 16 bits as used for CD audio. The maximum bit rate is 6.144 Mb/s, which is much higher than Dolby ...', 'Kodak Picture CD - Kodak Picture CD is a CD that contains your pictures in JPEG format(.jpg) along with software that lets you view, enhance, share, and print your pictures from your computer. Some standalone DVD Players supports this format also, but then only for viewing. This format will also work on DVD Players that supports JPEG file viewing but you may lose some Kodak Picture CD specific features. Kodak Pic...', 'Edge Enhancement - When films are transferred to video in preparation for DVD encoding, they are commonly run through digital processes that attempt to clean up the picture. These processes include noise reduction (DVNR) and image enhancement. Enhancement increases contrast (similar to the effect of the sharpen or unsharp mask filters in PhotoShop), but can tend to overdo areas of transition between light and da...', 'VCD Header trick - Some DVD players just cant play SVCD... but in this case and if you are lucky your DVD player may be able to play VCDs that use the VCD-Header Trick. By changing the Header of a SVCD MPEG-2 video file into the one of a VCD2.0 MPEG-1 file and by using it as standard VCD2.0 file, you may be able to play MPEG-2 files with your home DVD player. www.vcdeasy.org/modules.php?name=_Guides&id=VcdTrick', 'AVC - H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC, for Advanced Video Coding, is a digital video codec standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression. It was written by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as the product of a collective partnership effort known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC...', 'H\.264 - H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC, for Advanced Video Coding, is a digital video codec standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression. It was written by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as the product of a collective partnership effort known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC...', 'H264 - H.264, MPEG-4 Part 10, or AVC, for Advanced Video Coding, is a digital video codec standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression. It was written by the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) together with the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) as the product of a collective partnership effort known as the Joint Video Team (JVT). The ITU-T H.264 standard and the ISO/IEC...', 'Navigation Data - In DVD-Video there are five types of navigation data: Video Manager Information (VMGI), Video Title Set Information (VTSI), Program Chain Information (PGCI), Presentation Control Information (PCI) and Data Search Information (DSI).', 'Component Video - A video system containing three separate color component signals, either red/green/blue (RGB) or chroma/color difference (YCbCr, YPbPr, YUV), in analog or digital form. The MPEG-2 encoding system used by DVD is based on color-difference component digital video. Very few televisions have component video inputs.', 'Quantize Matrix - A term used in all mpeg video encoders, both software and hardware, which refers to the two 8x8 blocks of numbers appearing under the Quantize Matrix tab in the settings on some encoders or hard coded. These blocks of numbers represent the mathematical functions that the encoder will perform in order to best optimize the video for the appropriate format. Settings vary between a video being encoded...', 'Composite Video - An analog video signal in which the luma and chroma components are combined (by frequency multiplexing), along with sync and burst. Also called CVBS. Most televisions and VCRs have composite video connectors, which are usually colored yellow.', 'Sequence Header - In an MPEG file, a sequence header is placed before one or more groups of pictures (GOPs) and contains encoding and displaying parameters. The sequence header can be repeated in order to allow random access, but all the data elements of the repeated sequence header, except those concerning quantisation matrices, must have the same values as in the first sequence header. The repeated sequence hea...', 'Program Stream - The Input of the Program Stream Multiplexer and the Output of the Program Stream Demultiplexer are the Video and Audio Packetized Elementary Streams (PES)
MPEG-2 Program Stream:
may contain a single program with a common time-base for the different PES; is suitable to error-free transmision environment;
has a variable length packet structure (where packets may be relatively large).', 'ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment or called Parallel ATA is a disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on the disk drive itself. There are several versions of ATA:
ATA, also called IDE.
ATA-2, also called EIDE.
Ultra-ATA, also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-33.
ATA/66ATA/100
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/ATA.html
See SATA.', 'EIDE - Advanced Technology Attachment or called Parallel ATA is a disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on the disk drive itself. There are several versions of ATA:
ATA, also called IDE.
ATA-2, also called EIDE.
Ultra-ATA, also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-33.
ATA/66ATA/100
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/ATA.html
See SATA.', 'IDE - Advanced Technology Attachment or called Parallel ATA is a disk drive implementation that integrates the controller on the disk drive itself. There are several versions of ATA:
ATA, also called IDE.
ATA-2, also called EIDE.
Ultra-ATA, also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-33.
ATA/66ATA/100
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/ATA.html
See SATA.', 'Pan & Scan - The technique of reframing a picture to conform to a different aspect ratio by cropping parts of the picture. DVD-Video players can automatically create a 4:3 pan & scan version from widescreen video by using a horizontal offset encoded with the video, which allows the focus of attention to always be visible.', 'Entropy coding - In entropy coding, also called variable length coding or Huffmann coding, the more likely values are associated to shorter codewords, while less likely values are associated to longer codewords.
Consequently, known the statistics of the event to code, provided that such statistics are representative enough, it is possible to code such event with an average number of bits lower than in fixed lengt...', 'Square Pixels - Uses a 1.0 pixel aspect ratio. Use this setting if your video has a 640x480 or 648x486 frame size.', 'Mount Rainier - Mount Rainier is a standard that provides background formatting and defect management for storage on CD-RW and DVD+RW. This makes rewritable discs far easier to use and allows the replacement of the floppy. In the near future, native Operating System support for Mount Rainier is available. http://www.licensing.philips.com/information/mtr/gi/', 'MPV - MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video elemantary stream(no audio). Also called M1V for MPEG-1 video and M2V for MPEG-2 video.', 'M1V - MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video elemantary stream(no audio). Also called M1V for MPEG-1 video and M2V for MPEG-2 video.', 'M2V - MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 video elemantary stream(no audio). Also called M1V for MPEG-1 video and M2V for MPEG-2 video.', 'MPA - Shorthand for MPEG Audio elemantary stream(no video). Also called MP2 for MPEG Audio Layer2 but MP2 could also be MPEG2 Audio.', 'MP1 - Shorthand for MPEG Audio elemantary stream(no video). Also called MP2 for MPEG Audio Layer2 but MP2 could also be MPEG2 Audio.', 'MP2 - Shorthand for MPEG Audio elemantary stream(no video). Also called MP2 for MPEG Audio Layer2 but MP2 could also be MPEG2 Audio.', 'DVR-MS - DVR-MS (Microsoft Digital Video Recording) is a proprietary video and audio file format, developed by Microsoft. Video is encoded using the MPEG-2 standard and audio using MPEG-1 Layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC A/52). The format extends these standards by including metadata about the content and digital rights management.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVR-MS', 'dvrms - DVR-MS (Microsoft Digital Video Recording) is a proprietary video and audio file format, developed by Microsoft. Video is encoded using the MPEG-2 standard and audio using MPEG-1 Layer II or Dolby Digital AC-3 (ATSC A/52). The format extends these standards by including metadata about the content and digital rights management.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVR-MS', 'Region Coding - Region coding is how Hollywood studios stagger DVD movie releases across the planet. These codes ensure that one country doesnt get a DVD movie before the same movie is out in that countrys theatres. In their corporate omniscience, movie studios have carved the planet into regions with each region having a specific code.
All DVD players and discs have region codes. A DVD player and disc must...', 'miniDVD - miniDVD is a DVD video written onto a CD-R(W) instead of a DVD disc. miniDVD is also sometimes called cDVD. A miniDVD only fits about 15 minutes of DVD quality video on a 650 MB CD-R(W). Not many DVD players will play miniDVD - see the DVD Players miniDVD list for compatible players. DVDRhelp.com miniDVD page', 'cDVD - miniDVD is a DVD video written onto a CD-R(W) instead of a DVD disc. miniDVD is also sometimes called cDVD. A miniDVD only fits about 15 minutes of DVD quality video on a 650 MB CD-R(W). Not many DVD players will play miniDVD - see the DVD Players miniDVD list for compatible players. DVDRhelp.com miniDVD page', '2:3 pulldown - The process of converting 24-frame-per-second film to video by repeating one film frame as three fields, then the next film frame as two fields', '3:2 pulldown - An uncommon variation of 2-3 pulldown, where the first film frame is repeated for 3 fields instead of two. Most people mean 2:3 pulldown when they say 3:2 pulldown.', 'Reed-Solomon - An error-correction encoding system that cycles data multiple times through a mathematical transformation in order to increase the effectiveness of the error correction, especially for burst errors (errors concentrated closely together, as from a scratch or physical defect). DVD uses rows and columns of Reed-Solomon encoding in a two-dimensional lattice, called Reed-Solomon product code (RS-PC).', 'Chroma noise - Chroma noise affects areas of colour in the image. Instead of being clean, even areas of colour, chroma noise makes colours look grainy due to random noise being inserted into the colour signal. Chroma noise seems to particularly affect blue, although it can potentially be seen in any large expanse of a single colour. Chroma noise is pretty much exclusively an artefact of analogue video processing...', 'Quantisation - The quantisation process refers to the DCT coefficients and is performed in order to both remove the subjective redundancy and control the compression factor.
The setting of the quantisation parameters is a key point for the quality of the coder.
To remove the subjective redundancy some quantisation matrices are used.
A couple of default matrices are given, for Intra and Non-Intra blocks, bu...', '2:2 pulldown - The process of transferring 24-frame-per-second film to video by repeating each film frame as two video fields. When 24-fps film is converted via 2:2 pulldown to 25-fps 625/50 PAL video, the film runs 4 percent faster than normal.', 'Antialiasing - Smoothing or reducing disturbing picture effects. By means of calculation of intermediate values along the sharp edges of types and graphics, these edges can be smoothed out, thus generating a smoother picture. The pixel structure along tilted or bent edges is mixed with the surrounding colors. When creating DVD Menu text, antialiasing must not be used.', 'Transcoding - On this site generally another name for encoding.
A more technical term would be The reformatting of content, without changing the source, to another type of content - most often of a different format than the original (but does not have to be)', 'Macrovision - An analog video copy protection scheme that alters the unseen part of a video signal such that a VCR or other macrovision enabled device may not record the video signal properly. There are several types:
- Automatic Gain Control
- 2-line color stripe
- 4-line color stripe
Symptoms of this include picture fading in and out or color banding of the signal.', 'Multisystem - Describes a video component that can handle 2 or more types of broadcast video standards. Multisystem televisions, videocassette recorders, and DVD players are not found in all stores but are manufactired by many of the large electronics companies. Why buy multisystem? People who move between countries can play/watch video in both countries. Or if you have a relative in India and want to watch ...', 'DV Timecode - Also known as DV Time, a DV or MiniDV camcorder starts recording at 00:00:00. The timecode is drop frame for NTSC (minute differences in timing are made to get the film from 30 fps to 29.97 fps). DV Time is carried on the FireWire cable with the video, audio and Device Control. The biggest problem that arises with DV Time is that it resets to zero if the camera operator does not hook to the end...', 'Sample Rate - The number of times a digital sample is taken, measured in samples per second, or Hertz. The more often samples are taken, the better a digital signal can represent the original analog signal. Sampling theory states that the sampling frequency must be more than twice the signal frequency in order to reproduce the signal without aliasing. DVD PCM audio allows sampling rates of 48 and 96 kHz.', 'Scalability - Scalability offers a set of tools by which video can be coded at different Resolutions (different scales) in one total bitstream.
On the decoder side, video can be decoded at the suitable resolution (scale) extracting a portion of the total bitstream.
It adds compatibility and error concealment.
Types of Scalability
Quality (SNR)
The SNR scalability allows the enhancement of the video qual...', 'Closed GOP - When encoding MPEG video, a Closed GOP is one that uses no referenced pictures from the previous GOP at the current GOP boundary. For example the GOP is closed when it starts with an I Frame and subsequent B Frames do not rely on I or P frames from the previous GOP. Also see Open GOP.', 'Macroblock - A macroblock is a portion of image that consists of 16x16 picture elements (pixels or pels).
At the macroblock layer motion compensation and prediction are performed and its possible to change the quantisation step.
It must be noticed that, if the picture is an interlaced frame picture, the odd lines of the macroblock belong to the first field and the even lines to the second field.
Video d...', 'Frameserve - The process of creating a direct video link from one application to another. For example a video editor application to standalone mpeg encoder so you dont need a plugin or create a temporary video file.', 'Chroma Key - The Chroma Key process is based on the Luminance key. In a luminance key, everything in the image over (or under) a set brightness level is keyedout and replaced by either another image, or a color from a color generator. Also known as Blue Screen Compositing, the
Chroma Key Process was made famous by films such as star wars where spacecraft miniatures were composited onto starfield backgrounds...', 'Resampling - The process of converting between different spatial resolutions or different temporal resolutions. This may be based on simple sampling of the source information at higher or lower resolution or may include interpolation to correct for differences in pixel aspect ratios or to adjust for differences in display rates.', 'DROP FRAME - Colour video was slowly introduced into broadcast. It was therefore necessary to make it compatible with black and white receivers and to design colour receivers or televisions to be able to receive black and white programming as well. In order to accommodate the extra information needed for colour the b&w’s 30 frame/second rate was slowed to 29.97 f/s for colour. Although usually not an issue for...', 'Chroma bug - The basic Chroma Bug manifests itself as streaky or spiky horizontal lines running through the chroma channel, most notably on diagonal edges. As mentioned above, this problem has been around for a long time. Its only just now being noticed largely because one needs a good high-resolution display, such as a front projector and a six foot projection screen, to really see the problem clearly. In ...', 'Ogg Theora - Theora is the video compression codec part of the ogg multimedia project. It is based on On2s VP3 codec, but On2 has released it now under a BSD type liscence and renounced its patents, so it is now free and open source. A final release is due out in early summer 2003. http://www.theora.org', 'Ogg Vorbis - Ogg is the name of an open souce multimedia project maintained by the xiph.org foundation. Vorbis refers to the lossy general purpose audio compression format that surpasses mp3 in quality and rivals new formats such as AAC and TwinVQ (a.k.a. VQF). http://www.xiph.org http://www.vorbis.com', 'Anamorphic - Process where a “wide” video image (typically in a 16:9 widescreen format) is compressed or squeezed horizontally to fit a more narrow video display standard but expands to full size when played over a wide video display.
Letterboxing an image enables the viewer to see the entire widescreen presentation of a movie as it was intended and as it was shown in the theater. However, in order to fit ...', 'MPEG Audio - MPEG Audio is a family of generic standards for low bit-rate coding
Layer I
low complexity, good for consumer recording
Layer II
high efficiency with medium complexity, good for professional recording and for broadcast
Layer III
high complexity and high efficiency, suitable for very low bit-rates application
key aspects
Input and output signals
AES/EBU
sampling frequencies: 32,...', 'Letterbox - The process or form of video where black horizontal mattes are added to the top and bottom of the display area in order to create a frame in which to display video using an aspect ratio different than that of the display. The letterbox method preserves the entire video picture, as opposed to pan & scan. DVD-Video players can automatically letterbox a widescreen picture for display on a standard 4:...', 'Pro-Logic - An encoding technology developed by Dolby Laboratories, Pro-Logic and Pro-Logic II are methods of encoding 4 channels for Pro-Logic (left, right, center, surround) and 5 channels for Pro-Logic II (left, right, center, left surround, right surround), into a stereo (left, right) channel format to be decoded into 4 or 5 channels with a proper decoder. It is actually just a small amount of inaudible d...', 'CD-ROM XA - CD-ROM extended architecture. A mode 2,multi-session disk where data is on one session and audio/video on another(CD-Extra,Mixed-Mode).', 'Time Code - Information recorded with audio or video to indicate a position in time. Usually consists of values for hours, minutes, seconds, and frames. Also called SMPTE time code. Some DVD-Video material includes information to allow the player to search to a specific time code position.', 'VC1 - VC-1 is a video codec standard. Its most popular implementation is Windows Media Video 9. It is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. VC-1 contains coding tools for interlaced video sequences as we...', 'VC-1 - VC-1 is a video codec standard. Its most popular implementation is Windows Media Video 9. It is an evolution of the conventional DCT-based video codec design also found in H.261, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. It is widely characterized as an alternative to the latest ITU-T and MPEG video codec standard known as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. VC-1 contains coding tools for interlaced video sequences as we...', 'DVD-R DL - DVD-R DL or called DVD-R9 is a Dual Layer writeable DVD-R. The dual layered discs can hold 7.95 GB or around 8 540 000 000 bytes (called DVD-9) and a double sided dual layered disc 15.9 GB or around 17 080 000 000 bytes (called DVD-18).', 'Overscan - The area at the edges of a television tube that is covered to hide possible video distortion. Overscan typically covers about 4 or 5 percent of the picture.', 'PTT Menu - In DVD-Video, a menu used to access specific Part of Title (PTT) in a Video Title Set (VTS). Usually referred to as a Chapter Menu.', 'Aliasing - A distortion (artifact) in the reproduction of digital audio or video that results when the signal frequency is more than twice the sampling frequency. The resolution is insufficient to distinguish between alternate reconstructions of the waveform, thus admitting additional noise that was not present in the original signal.', 'Firmware - The firmware of a device is the program code that is permanently stored in the devices memory. It contains all the necessary software routines to make the device fully functional. New updated firmware is sometimes distributed for dvd players, cd/dvd writers and many other computer devices to add features or fix bugs.', 'Digital8 - Camcorder format which allows you to record digital-quality video onto standard Hi8 or 8mm tape. Most Digital8 camcorders also play back analog Hi8 and 8mm recordings, although they do not record in Hi8 or 8mm. A 120-minute Hi8/8mm tape yields one hour of recording when used with a Digital8 camcorder, giving you essentially the same stunning picture quality as you get with Mini DV (500 lines of ho...', 'Telecine - Cinematic film movies are shot at 24 progressive frames per second speed. A Frame is the smallest unit of a 24 fps FILM format. NTSC video is a field-based format of 59.94 fields per second. A Field is the smallest unit in interlaced video format. 2 fields make up 1 frame. So, this 59.94 fields per second equals 29.97 frames per second. 1 second in FILM (24 frames) is NOT equal to 1 second in N...', 'Open GOP - When encoding MPEG video, a GOP which uses referenced pictures from the previous GOP at the current GOP boundary. For example the GOP is open when B Frames at the start of a GOP rely on I or P frames from the immediately previous GOP. Also see Closed GOP.', 'PULLDOWN - Film is generally shot and projected at 24 frames per second (fps), so when film frames are converted to NTSC video, the rate must be modified to play at 29.97 fps. During the telecine process, twelve (12) fields are added to each 24 frames of film (12 fields = 6 frames) so the same images that made up 24 frames of film then comprise 30 frames of video.Video plays at a speed of 29.97 fps so the fi...', 'Firewire - FireWire is a fast peripheral interconnect standard capable of transfer speeds up to 400 Mbs. It works well for multimedia peripherals such as DV (Digital Video) cameras and other high-speed devices like the latest hard disk drives, CD/DVD burners and printers. Apple FireWire information.', 'AUDIO_TS - UDF file name used for the DVD-Audio directory on a DVD disc volume. DVD-Audio is a separate format from DVD-Video so on a standard DVD-Video is the AUDIO_TS folder empty.', 'VIDEO_TS - The UDF file name used for DVD-Video directory on a DVD disc volume. Files under this directory name contain pointers to the sectors on the disc which hold the program streams. Read more about all files in the VIDEO_TS folder here.', 'Artifact - An unnatural effect not present in the original video or audio, produced by an external agent or action. Artifacts can be caused by many factors, including digital compression, film-to-video transfer, transmission errors, data readout errors, electrical interference, analog signal noise, and analog signal crosstalk. Most artifacts attributed to the digital compression of DVD are in fact from other...', 'Overburn - According to the official standards, a cd (and a cd-r disc as well) should have a capacity of 650MB or 700MB of data, or an equivalent of 74 minutes or 80 minutes of audio.
As the laser beam in a cd recorder writes on cd-r media, it travels from the center of the disc towards its edge. Before the physical edge of the cd, there is an already set limit to prevent the laser beam writing beyond th...', 'PhotoVCD - Not a standard by itself, this term is used when a group of image files are placed on a VCD and displayed in a format like a slideshow. There are two ways of doing this with VCD 2.0 technology:
1) Import the pictures into a video editing program, adding optional music and transition effects as desired. The time between pictures is decided by the filmmaker, not the viewer. The result is outpu...', 'ISO 9660 - An ISO 9660 file system is a standard CD-ROM file system that allows you to read the same CD-ROM whether youre on a PC, Mac, or other major computer platform. The standard, issued in 1988, was written by an industry group named High Sierra. Almost all computers with CD-ROM drives can read files from an ISO 9660 file system.
There are several specification levels. In Level 1, file names must be ...', 'Telesync - A video recorded in a cinema but usually on an expensive camera and a seperate audio source or direct audio connection (so the audience cannot be heard). The result is a video generally of very good quality.', 'Screener - A video usually recorded form a promotional video tape or DVD which is sent to censors and film critics etc. The quality is usually as good as a commercial video or DVD. Sometimes a copyright message appears on the screen.', 'IEEE1394 - The standard name for Firewire', 'P Frame - A P-frame is a video frame encoded relative to the past reference frame. A reference frame is a P- or I-frame. The past reference frame is the closest preceding reference frame.
Each macroblock in a P-frame can be encoded either as an I-macroblock or as a P-macroblock. An I-macroblock is encoded just like a macroblock in an I-frame. A P-macroblock is encoded as a 16x16 area of the past referen...', 'I Frame - An I frame is encoded as a single image, with no reference to any past or future frames. Often video editing programs can only cut MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 encoded video on an I frame since B frames and P frames depend on other frames for encoding information.', 'AfroPic - A mac video conversion program. It can easily demux files and has various other functions available.', 'Huffyuv - A fast, lossless Win32 video codec developed by Ben Rudiak-Gould. Lossless means that the output from the decompressor is bit-for-bit identical with the original input to the compressor. Fast means a compression throughput of up to 38 megabytes per second on a 416 MHz Celeron. Huffyuv is intended to replace uncompressed YUV as a video capture format. It is fast enough to compress full-resolu...', 'B Frame - One of three picture types used in MPEG video. B pictures are bidirectionally predicted, based on both previous and following pictures. B pictures usually use the least number of bits. B pictures do not propagate coding errors since they are not used as a reference by other pictures.', 'CD-Plus - A type of Enhanced CD format using stamped multisession technology.', 'UDF/ISO - Also called UDF bridge, UDF/ISO is a hybrid filesystem utilizing UDF and ISO 9660. Developed because UDF wasnt supported by Windows until Microsoft shipped Windows 98, DVD providers were forced to use an interim format. Windows 95 OSR2 supports UDF Bridge, but earlier versions do not. As a result, to be compatible with Windows 95 versions previous to OSR2, DVD vendors had to provide UDF Bridge ...', 'Half D1 - An MPEG-2 video encoding mode in which half the horizontal resolution is sampled (352x480 for NTSC, 352x576 for PAL). See also D1', 'Bootleg - Produce, distribute, or sell without permission or illegally. Dictionary.com.', 'DVD-MP3 - This type of disc is created when MP3 audio files are burned on a DVDR/W disc. Very few MP3 capable standalone DVD players supports DVD-MP3 because most players verify DVDR/W as DVD-Video only (compatability list).', 'Mini DV - Mini DV is a video cassette designed for use in MiniDV digital camcorders. The picture quality of digital video (DV) recorded on a Mini DV cassette is basically identical or better to the quality of DV recorded on a Hi8 or 8mm cassette by a Digital8 camcorder. Mini DV can have up to 530 lines of video resolution for some camcorder models. However, Mini DV tapes are smaller which allows for smaller...', 'DVD-RAM - A recordable format supported by the DVD Forum. It has superior recording features but it is not compatible with most DVD-ROM drives or DVD Video players. It works well when set up like a removable hard disk.
http://www.hitachi.co.jp/dvd-ram/image/menu_dvdlogo.jpg', 'BIN - The .BIN / .CUE CD image format was made popular by the CDRWin software. Afterwards many programs have started supporting or partially supporting it, including: Nero, BlindWrite, CloneCD, FireBurner, vcdimager and cdrdao. The .CUE file contains VCD or SVCD or other data track layout information, while the .BIN file holds the actual data. VCDhelp.com bin/cue pages - afterdawn.com', 'CUE - The .BIN / .CUE CD image format was made popular by the CDRWin software. Afterwards many programs have started supporting or partially supporting it, including: Nero, BlindWrite, CloneCD, FireBurner, vcdimager and cdrdao. The .CUE file contains VCD or SVCD or other data track layout information, while the .BIN file holds the actual data. VCDhelp.com bin/cue pages - afterdawn.com', 'MICROMV - The MICROMV cassette is the smallest type of camcorder tape to date — nearly 70% smaller than already tiny Mini DV tapes — so its no surprise that all MICROMV camcorders feature an incredibly compact form factor. MICROMV cassettes feature a built-in memory chip for conveniences like custom title storage and index thumbnails for easy access to specific scenes.', 'Joliet - An extension to ISO 9660, the specification for the file system (including file names) for the content on a compact disc (CD); it allows file names up to 64 characters in length (including spaces) and the use of Unicode characters in file names (sometimes needed for internationalization). Written by Microsoft, Joliet is fully supported in Windows 95 and later Windows operating systems (except Wind...', 'DVD-VR - The format is known as DVD dash VR or DVD-VR. Its actually known from the DVD specification as DVD-RTRW for real-time read/write. One thing that makes it different from the DVD Video standard which is used by professionally repliacted DVDs is that the indexing for DVD-VR is forward only. This allows the writing of the disc image immediately without having to come up with some cludge to t...', 'DivXHD - DivX High Definition brings the Hollywood stars to your living room with just the click of a mouse. Supporting resolutions of up to 720p at bit rates as low as 4Mbps, DivX HD delivers astonishing video at one fifth the bit rate of broadcast HD. Download one of the samples from our HD showcase to experience the stunning video and dazzling audio quality of DivX HD today. http://www.divx.com/hd/', 'DVD-10 - DVD-10 is a double sided single layer DVD which can fit up to 9.4 GB or 8.7 computer GB. Video DVD, DVD-R/W and DVD+R/W supports this format.', 'HQ-VCD - High-quality Video Compact Disc. Developed by the Video CD Consortium (Philips, Sony, Matsushita and JVC) as a successor to VCD. Evolved into SVCD.', 'PCMCIA - Short for Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, and pronounced as separate letters, PCMCIA is an organization consisting of some 500 companies that has developed a standard for small, credit card-sized devices, called PC Cards. Originally designed for adding memory to portable computers, the PCMCIA standard has been expanded several times and is now suitable for many types of de...', 'i\.Link - The Sony term for IEEE1394 or Firewire', 'FourCC - A four character code that uniquely identifies a video data stream format. A video player will look up the FourCC code then look for the codec associated to the code in order to play the associated video stream. This idea was used in the IFF multimedia format developed by Electronic Arts for the Amiga in the early 1980s. This file format was copied by Apple (who called it AIFF) and Microsoft (RIFF...', 'MPEG-4 - An ISO/IEC standard 14496 developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), the committee that also developed MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. These standards made interactive video on CD-ROM, DVD and Digital Television possible. MPEG-4 is the result of another international effort involving hundreds of researchers and engineers from all over the world. MPEG-4 was finalized in October 1998 and became an Int...', 'Coring - For noise reduction:
Coring is used to remove fine detail information that does not contribute significantly to the detail of the picture but which adds noise to the image. Imagine the detail information viewed on a scope. About the baseline youd see primarily the noise information, with the detail extending beyond that. Now imagine that you sliced (or cored) this signal so that only the inform...', 'MPEG-3 - A proposed variant of the MPEG video and audio compression algorithm and file format. MPEG-3 was intended as an extension of MPEG-2 to cater for HDTV but was eventually merged into MPEG-2.
MPEG-3 should not be confused with MP3 which is MPEG-1 layer 3 popularly used for audio encoding.', 'ARccOS - Advanced Regional Copy Control Operating Solution. Sonys copy protection scheme for DVD-Video, designed to prevent 1:1 digital copying (ripping).', 'I-MPEG - Intraframe MPEG. An unofficial variation of MPEG video encoding that uses only intraframe compression. I-MPEG is used by DV equipment.', 'MPEG-7 - MPEG-7 is an ISO/IEC standard developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group. MPEG-7, formally named “Multimedia Content Description Interface”, is a standard for describing the multimedia content data that supports some degree of interpretation of the information’s meaning, Unlike previous MPEG standards aimed at encoding, MPEG-7 is not aimed at any one application in particular; rather, the eleme...', '625/50 - The scanning system of 625 lines per frame and 50 interlaced fields (25 frames) per second. Used by PAL and SECAM television standards.', '525/60 - The scanning system of 525 lines per frame and 60 interlaced fields (30 frames) per second. Used by the NTSC television standard.', 'MacVCD - A VCD player available for the Mac OS X platform', 'DVD-18 - DVD-18 is a double sided dual layer DVD which can fit up to 17 GB or 15.9 computer GB which some commercial video DVDs are using today (a DVD-18 is basicly four pressed plastic DVD-5s pressed together, they are not burned). Video DVD supports this format but DVD-R/W and DVD+R/W does not support this format.', '4:1:1 - 4:1:1 Sampling
A ratio used to describe the sampling frequency of a digitized signal. The ratio describes luminance as being sampled 4 times at 3.37 MHz, while color is sampled 1 time at 3.37 MHz in each of its separate parts. DV, DVCAM and DVCPRO25 use 4:1:1 color sampling. Formulated as: Y (luminance) is sampled at 13.5 MHz (or 3.37 x 4), R-Y (color) is sampled at 3.37 MHz (or 3.37 x 1), B-Y (...', 'XSVCD - eXtended SVCD - XSVCD has same features as SVCD but it is possible to use higher bitrates and higher resolution to get higher video quality. XSVCD is basically everything that uses MPEG-2 video, is not within the SVCD standard or close to DVD, and burned in SVCD Mode on a CD-R or CD-R(W). XSVCD can be played on some hardware DVD players and many computers with appropriate software like a softwa...', 'AVCHD - AVCHD (Advanced Video Codec High Definition) is a new high definition recording format introduced by Sony and Panasonic. It can use various storage media, including 8 cm (3) recordable DVD discs, as well as hard disk, and SD and Memory Stick Pro memory cards, and is being positioned to compete with handheld video camera recording formats like HDV and MiniDV. As its name implies, AVCHD uses the MP...', 'ATAPI - Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface is a interface to support CD Drives and DVD Drives using the computers current ATA(IDE/EIDE) connections. ATA was originally designed for hard drives only, but with help of ATAPI it is possible to connect other devices to the ATA(IDE/EIDE) connections.', 'D-VHS - DVHS is a digital recording and playback format for High Definition material. Its based on the existing 1/2 VHS-sized cassettes.
http://www.homecinemachoice.com/articles/frame.html?http://www.homecinemachoice.com/articles/techarticles/199905DVHS/199905DigitalVHS.shtml', 'DVD-5 - DVD-5 is a single sided single layer DVD that stores up to about 4.7 GB = 4 700 000 000 bytes and that is 4.38 computer GigaBytes where 1 kilobyte is 1024 bytes(4 700 000 000B/1024 = about 4 589 843KB/1024 = about 4485MB/1024 = about 4.38GB) . Video DVD, DVD-R/W and DVD+R/W supports this format. Often referred to as single sided, single layer. DVDRhelp DVD information', 'DVD-9 - DVD-9 is a single sided dual layer DVD which can fit up to 8.5 GB or 7.95 computer GB which many commercial video DVDs are using today (a DVD-9 is basicly two pressed plastic DVD-5s pressed together, they are not burned). Video DVD supports this format but DVD-R/W and DVD+R/W does not support this format.', 'P-CAV - Partial-Constant Angular Velocity, the disc(CD/DVD) is being read/written at an increasing speed until a certain point (speed). After this point the speed will not increase anymore and remain at this speed.', 'Warez - Intellectual property (IP) that is distributed illegally. Examples are software, movies or music being given away or resold without the permission of the author, serial numbers or ways to crack software that is sold (serialz or crackz).', 'Z-CLV - Zone-Constant Linear Velocity, the disc(CD/DVD) is divided into zones. After each zone the write speed is increased', 'Block - The block is a matrix of 8x8 elements. They can be 8x8 adjacent luminance or chrominance samples, or the corresponding DCT coefficients.
At the block layer is performed the Discrete Cosine Transform.
Video decoding process at the block layer
Variable length decoding.
The bitstream codewords of the block are decoded to form a vector of quantised DCT coefficient.
Inverse scan.
The vector elem...', 'SECAM - Séquential Couleur Avec Mémoire/Sequential Color with Memory. A composite color standard similar to PAL (image format 4:3, 625 lines, 50 Hz and 6 Mhz video bandwidth), but currently used only as a transmission standard in France and a few other countries. Video is produced using the 625/50 PAL standard and is then transcoded to SECAM by the player or transmitter.', 'WMVHD - WMV HD stands for Windows Media Video High-Definition. Just what makes high definition video different? It comes down to video resolution. The video most of us are used to seeing on our TVs today, called standard definition, has at most 480/576 visible lines of detail, whereas high definition video has as many as 1,080. High definition video looks sharper and clearer than regular video, especi...', '1080p - 1080p is the shorthand name for a category of video modes. The number 1080 represents 1,080 lines of vertical resolution, while the letter p stands for progressive scan or non-interlaced. 1080p is considered an HDTV video mode. The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal (display) resolution of 1920 dots across and a frame resolution of 1920 × 1080 or over two...', 'CD-DA - Compact disc digital audio. The original music CD format, storing audio information as digital PCM data. Defined by the Red Book standard.', '1080i - 1080i is the shorthand name for a category of video modes. The number 1080 stands for 1080 lines of vertical resolution, while the letter i stands for interlaced or non-progressive scan. 1080i is considered to be an HDTV video mode. The term usually assumes a widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9, implying a horizontal resolution of 1920 pixels and a frame resolution of 1920 × 1080 or about 2.07 million...', 'RS-PC - Reed-Solomon Product Code. An error-correction encoding system used by DVD employing rows and columns of Reed-Solomon encoding to increase error-correction effectiveness.', 'MJPEG - Moving JPEG. A moving image which is made by storing each frame of a moving picture sequence in JPEG compression, then decompressing and displaying each frame at rapid speed to show the moving picture.M-JPEG does not use interframe coding as MPEG does. Sometimes called Motion JPEG.', 'SVCD - SVCD stands for Super VideoCD. A SVCD is very similiar to a VCD, it has the capacity to hold about 35-60 minutes on 74/80 min CDs of very good quality full-motion MPEG-2 video along with up to 2 stereo audio tracks and also 4 selectable subtitles. A SVCD can be played on many standalone DVD Players and of course on all computers with a DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drive with the help of a software based de...', 'XVCD - eXtended VCD - XVCD has same features as VCD but it is possible to use higher bitrates and higher resolution to get higher video quality. XVCD is basically everything that uses MPEG-1 video, is not within the VCD standard, and burned in VCD Mode on a CD-R or CD-R(W). XVCD can be played on some hardware VCD or DVD players and many computers with appropriate software. VCDHelp XVCD Info', 'iDVD - Apples easy DVD creator. iDVD allows users an easy interface to create and burn their video, photos, or data to the dvd format. It allows users to create motion menus and chapter points simply by clicking the mouse. iDVD is like the little brother of DVD Studio Pro.', 'NTSC - Abbreviation of National Television Standards Committee. The NTSC is responsible for setting television and video standards in the United States (in Europe and other parts of the world, the dominant television standards are PAL and SECAM). The NTSC standard for television defines a composite video signal with a refresh rate of 60 fields (half-frames interlaced) per second. Each frame contains 525 ...', 'AIFF - Macintosh AIFF Resource ( .aif, .aifc, .aiff) Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format that was developed by Apple Computer. This format may be used to store high-quality sampled audio and musical instrument information.', 'ATSC - The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., is an international, non-profit organization developing voluntary standards for digital television. Specifically, ATSC is working to coordinate television standards among different communications media focusing on digital television, interactive systems, and broadband multimedia communications. ATSC Digital TV Standards include digital high definit...', '3ivX - 3ivx is an MPEG-4 toolkit that supports MPEG-4 Video, MPEG-4 Audio and the MP4 File Format.
http://www.3ivx.com/technology/index.html', 'DSDL - Double Sided Dual Layer DVD. See DVD-18.', 'SSSL - Single Sided Single Layer DVD. See DVD-5.', 'SDTV - Standard Definition Television or SDTV refers to DIGITAL transmissions with 480-line resolution, either interlaced or progressive scanned formats. SDTV offers significant improvement over todays conventional NTSC picture resolution, similar to comparing DVD quality to VHS, primarily because the digital transmission eliminates snow and ghosts, common with the current NTSC analog format. However, S...', 'SSDL - Single Sided Dual Layer DVD. See DVD-9.', 'UPnP - Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a set of computer network protocols. The goals of UPnP are to allow devices to connect seamlessly and to simplify the implementation of networks in the home (data sharing, communications, and entertainment) and corporate environments. UPnP AV MediaServers store and share digital media, such as photographs, movies, or music. These media servers use the Universal P...', '480p - 480p is the shorthand name for a video mode. The p stands for progressive scan, i.e. non-interlaced, while the 480 denotes a vertical resolution of 480 lines, usually with a horizontal resolution of 854 pixels and a 16:9 aspect ratio on high-definition television (HDTV), or 640 pixels and 4:3 aspect ratio on standard-definition television (SDTV).', '720p - 720p is the shorthand name for a category of HDTV video modes. The number 720 stands for 720 lines of vertical display resolution, while the letter p stands for progressive scan or non-interlaced.', 'HDMI - HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) is the first industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface. HDMI provides an interface between any audio/video source, such as a set-top box, DVD player, and A/V receiver and an audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (DTV).
HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital aud...', 'SCSI - Small Computer System Interface is a standard electronic interface between your computer and its peripherals(hard drives, CD and DVD Readers and Writers and other peripherals). SCSIFAQ.', 'CD-i - Compact disc interactive. An extension of the CD format designed around a set-top computer that connects to a TV to provide interactive home entertainment, including digital audio and video, video games, and software applications. Defined by the Green Book standard. CD-i Assn.', 'KVCD - KVCD is a modification to the standard MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 GOP structure and Quantization Matrix. It allows you to put more than 120 minutes of video on a single 80 minute CD-R/CD-RW. The KVCDx3 template creates 528x480 (NTSC) and 528x576 (PAL) MPEG-1 variable bit rate video, from 64Kbps to 3,000Kbps. One of the other templates uses 352x240 (NTSC) or 352x288 (PAL), allowing up to ~360 minutes on a s...', 'HTPC - Home Theater Personal Computer, a computer designed to be used as a media center for digital home entertainment such as Movies, Music, Television, Games. http://www.htpcnews.com/', 'DSSL - Double Sided Single Layer DVD. See DVD-10.', 'SACD - Super Audio CD is the next generation of audio disc, offering full-range, uncompressed digital multi-channel surround sound. SACD can also be backward compatible using so called hybrid discs with an extra layer that allows them to be played on conventional CD players but then only with ordinary CD quality. SACD can be played on SACD Players, DVD Players with SACD support and if using hybrid discs...', 'HDTV - High Definition TV is high-resolution digital television combined with Dolby Digital surround sound (AC-3). HDTV is the highest DTV resolution in the new set of standards. This combination creates a stunning image with stunning sound. HDTV requires new production and transmission equipment at the HDTV stations, as well as new television equipment for reception by the consumer. The higher resolutio...', 'CD\\+G - Compact disc plus graphics. A variation of CD which embeds graphical data in with the audio data, allowing video pictures to be displayed periodically as music is played. Primarily used for karaoke.', 'RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks - a method used to standardize and categorize fault-tolerant disk systems. RAID levels provide various mixes of performance, reliability, and cost. Three of the the most implemented RAID levels are Level 0 (striping), Level 1 (mirroring), and Level 5 (RAID-5). RAID disk systems may offer advantages during video capture.', 'TSCV - A GUI program frontend to VCDimager created by TTool. The program was the first to provide a full range of VCD and SVCD authoring but development stopped in 2002. Similar in functionality to VCDeasy. TSCV Site', 'SATA - Serial ATA is an evolution of the Parallel ATA storage interface. Serial ATA is a serial link, a single cable with a minimum of four wires creates a point-to-point connection between devices. Transfer rates for Serial ATA begin at 150MBps.
http://www.serialata.org/
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/Serial_ATA.html
See ATA', 'ASPI - ASPI stands for Advanced SCSI Programming Interface. Originally developed by Adaptec. It is a software layer that enables programs to communicate with SCSI and ATAPI devices(CD and DVD Drives and other storage peripherals). Barts page about ASPI.', 'DiVA - DiVA is a powerful MPEG-1/MPEG-2 video converter for Mac OS X 10.2 or later. It uses QuickTime, MPEG, MOV, SMP, AltiVec, YUV, Cocoa, Quartz, XML and other amazingly great acronyms and buzzwords. Its also fast, high quality, and integrates extremely well with 3ivx D4 4.5, allowing it to perform automated 2-pass encoding with 3ivx
http://diva.3ivx.com/', 'OGM - OGM, Ogg Media file/stream/container is a video and audio container similiar to avi, matroska. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OGM', 'IMG - IMG is an image/iso of a DVD, CD, Floppy. Burn it to a DVD or CD with DVD Decrypter or extract the content with Isobuster or mount it as a virtual DVD/CD unit with Daemon Tools.', 'CLV - Constant Linear Velocity, the disc(CD/DVD) is read/written at a constant speed.', 'ASF - Advanced Streaming Format (ASF): This file format stores audio and video information, and it is specially designed to run on networks like the Internet. This file format is a highly flexible and compressed format that contains streaming audio, video, slide shows, and synchronized events. When you use .asf files, content is delivered to you as a continuous flow of data. You no longer have to wait f...', 'UOP - User Operation Prohibitions. Settings that prevent the viewer from skipping or fast-forwarding certain parts of DVDs.', 'OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer. OEMs buy computers or hardware in bulk and customize them for a particular application. They then sell the customized computer under their own name. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/OEM.html
Now also used to describe a DVD burner or other item
sold at a cheaper price, either without or with less included
software than the more expensive retail version.', 'HVD - HVD is an Asian standard of advanced high-definition technology originally developed in China by AMLogic Inc., for high-definition video. The format resolutions support 720p, 1080i, or 1080p on version 1 discs. Version 2 of the format added high-resolution beyond the standard fare of HD for use on non-TV monitors that support higher resolutions, up to 1880p.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Defi...', 'FLV - Flash Video is the name of a file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player. Flash Video files contain video bit streams which are a variant of the H.263 video standard, Flash Player 8 and newer revisions support the playback of On2 TrueMotion VP6 video bit streams, Flash Player 9 Update 3 includes support for H.264 video standard which is even more computationally d...', 'WMF - Windows Media Format files are audio/video files encoded with the Windows Media Encoder, providing high quality and media security for streaming and download-and-play applications on PCs, set-top boxes, and portable devices. Windows Media Format comprises Windows Media Audio and Video codecs, an optional integrated digital rights management (DRM) system, and a file container. Microsoft WMF Inform...', 'CAV - Constant Angular Velocity, the disc(CD/DVD) is read/written at a constantly increasing speed.', 'CVD - China Video Disk - a precursor to SVCD marketed since 1998. Resolutions are 352x480 NTSC, 352x576 PAL, 44.1khz audio (unlike 1/2 D1 DVD that is the same resolution at 48khz audio). Not all players will play CVD (compatible players). CVD Guide', 'HDV - High Definition Video (HDV) is a video format designed to record compressed HDTV video on standard DV media (DV or MiniDV cassette tape).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDV', 'PUO - Prohibited User Operation. Optional button instructions written into the authored DVD. Often used to disallow buttons from functioning. For example, during the FBI warning on commercial discs, a PUO usually prevents it being skipped by pressing menu or FF buttons.', 'VFR - Variable Frame Rate(VFR) is a term in video compression for a feature supported by some container formats like mkv, mp4, flv which allows for the frame rate to change actively during video playback, or to drop the idea of frame rate completely and set individual timecode for each frame.', 'MP4 - MP4 is a new container format, a container format allows you to combine different multimedia streams into one single file. Multimedia containers are for example the well known AVI, MPEG , Matroska, OGM.
MP4 is the global file extension for the official container format defined in the MPEG-4 standard. MP4 is streamable and supports all kinds of multimedia content, multiple audio-, video-, subtitle...', 'M2T - A mpeg2 transport stream. Usually from HDV camcorders, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDV', 'ISO - Besides the standards organization, this is a CD/DVD image format somewhat similar to a BIN/CUE image fileset, but the one single .ISO file contains both: the data and the CD/DVD layout information. These types of images can be burned with several CD /DVDburning programs.', 'CDA - CD Audio Track - audio files that are on CD media. You can play .cda files only from a CD-ROM. Often the CDA tracks are ripped to WAV or MP3 files.', 'M3U - An .m3u file is a special type of metafile playlist that is used with MP3 files that have an .mp3 file extension. The .m3u file includes information about the location of the .m3u file on the computer and the properties of the file. An .m3u file is similar to the ASX playlist files.
If an error message occurs on play then the MP3 files may have been moved or deleted.', 'ASX - Advanced Stream Redirector (ASX): When you use .asx files, you are directed to streaming media content, usually on multimedia Web sites. The .asx files are simple text files that contain server and media information. They are metafiles (a file that provides information about Windows Media files and their presentation) that are similar to Windows Media Redirector (.wvx) files.
If you want to fin...', 'DSI - Data Search Information. Information for Fast Forward/Fast Backward and seamless playback. This is real time control data spread throughout the DVD-Video data stream. Along with PGCI, these packets are part of the 1.00 mbit/sec overhead in video applications (Book B). These packets contain navigation information which makes it possible to search and maintain seamless playback of the Video Object U...', 'EDS - Enhanced data services. Additional information in NTSC line such as a time signal.', 'fps - Frames per second. A measure of the rate at which pictures are shown for a motion video image. In NTSC and PAL video, each frame is made up of two interlaced fields.', 'CSS - Content Scrambling System. In DVD-Video, an encryption scheme designed to protect copyrighted material that resides on a disc by periodically scrambling the data using encryption keys.', 'PCM - Pulse Code Modulation. An uncompressed, digitally coded representation of an analog signal. The waveform is sampled at regular intervals and a series of pulses in coded form (usually quantized) are generated to represent the amplitude.', 'PIP - Picture in picture. A feature of some televisions that shows another channel or video source in a small window superimposed in a corner of the screen.', 'POP - Picture outside picture. A feature of some widescreen displays that uses the unused area around a 4:3 picture to show additional pictures.', 'VfW - Video for Windows (VfW) The first video capture and display system developed by Microsoft for the Windows operating system. The design of VfW video capture was optimized for capturing movies to disk. Features important to video conferencing, TV viewing, capture of video fields, and ancillary data streams are missing from the VfW architecture. To circumvent these limitations, vendors augmented VfW...', 'ASV - (Audio Still Video) A still picture on a DVD-Audio disc.', 'bps - Bits per second. A unit of data rate', 'DSL - Digital Subscriber Line - a telephone communication line that uses modulation technology to maximize the amount of data that can be sent over copper wires. DSL is used for broadband and voice connections from telephone switching stations to a subscriber with bitrates similar or slightly less than Cable Modem and greater speeds than ISDN.', 'VBI - Vertical Blanking Interval - the part of a TV transmission that is blanked, or left clear of viewable content, to allow time for the TV’s electron gun to move from the bottom to the top of the screen as it scans images. This blank area is now being used to broadcast closed captioned and text formatted information.', 'MLP - Meridian Lossless Packing. A lossless compression technique (used by DVD-Audio) that removes redundancy from PCM audio signals to achieve a compression ratio of about 2:1 while allowing the signal to be perfectly recreated by the MLP decoder.', 'UDF - One of the major achievements of DVD is that it has brought all the conceivable uses of CD for data, video, audio, or a mix of all three, within a single physical file structure called UDF, the Universal Disc Format. Promoted by the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA), the UDF file structure ensures that any file can be accessed by any drive, computer or consumer video. It also allows se...', 'RGB - Video information in the form of red, green, and blue tristimulus values. The combination of three values representing the intensity of each of the three colors can represent the entire range of visible light.', 'SIF - Source Interchange Format is a video resolution standard defined as 352x240 for NTSC and 352x288 for PAL and SECAM.', 'PAL - Short for Phase Alternating Line, the dominant television standard in Europe. The United States uses a different standard, NTSC. PAL delivers 625 lines at 50 fields (half-frames interlaced) per second. The resolution of a PAL VCD is 352x288 pixels, a PAL SVCD is 480x576, and a PAL full D1 DVD is 704 or 720 x 576.', 'DTV - Digital TV, the standard for broadcasting picture and sound using digital signals, DTV allows for improvements in both picture and sound quality versus conventional Analog TV.
In USA can DTV be delivered in two basic formats: Standard analog Definition (SDTV) or High Definition (HDTV).
In Europe is DTV deliverd in DVB-formats.
USA DTV information.', 'DVB - DVB is an acronym for Digital Video Broadcasting. DVB was set up by the EBU (European Broadcast Union) to set the standards for digital video transmission. They have published these via ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) who also set standards for devices such as GSM telephones. In fact there are several DVB standards for different transmission media.Some of these are:
DVB-S...', 'Hi8 - Analog camcorder format which allows you to record video with 400 lines of resolution onto Hi8 tape, or 240 lines of resolution onto standard 8mm tape. Hi8 tapes can get up to 2hours in SP and 4hours in LP modes. Most Hi8 tapes will work in Digital8 camcorders but typically only can record 1 hour of Digital video.', '3GP - The mpeg4 based video format used in mobile terminals, like cell phones.', 'RLC - Run-length coding. Lossless compression method that exploits contiguous samples with same value.', 'DCT - The Discrete Cosine Transform is performed at the Block layer.
For MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2), its specified in the Annex A to the Recommendation.
The input of the DCT and the output of the inverse transform (IDCT) are 8x8 matrices of 9 bits/element, while the DCT coefficients are represented in 12 bits (-2048:+2047).
DCT is used to remove the spatial correlation existing among adjacent pixels i...', 'DTS - Digital Theater Systems Digital Sound. A product of DTS, Inc., DTS is a multichannel audio compression format similar to Dolby Digital used in DVD-video discs, DVD-audio, 5.1 channel audio CDs, and some movie theaters. DTS differs from Dolby Digital in that it generally uses higher data rates and many have the opinion that DTS is better quality. DTS can only be on a DVD-video disc if accompanie...', 'VBR - Variable Bit Rate - the bitrate can vary at any part of a single video or audio stream. VBR can is used to increase bitrate during high motion scenes in a video or to reduce overall file size. DVD MPEG-2 video is often variable bit rate. Also see CBR (constant bit rate).', 'CBR - Constant Bit Rate - the bitrate is the same at any part of a single video or audio stream. VCD standard MPEG video and audio are constant bit rate as are most MP3 standalone audio files. Also see VBR (variable bit rate).', 'PBC - Playback control, PBC, is available for Video CD (VCD) 2.0 and Super Video CD (SVCD) 1.0 disc formats. PBC allows control of the playback of play items and the possibility of interaction with the user through the remote control or some other input device available. VCDimager details', 'YUV - The analog luminance and color-difference components of a color image (in digitized form, as Y, Cr, Cb, in JPEG) or video (NTSC and PAL). If you take the typical Red, Green, Blue colorspace (RGB), you can get YUV from:
Y (or Luma)= 30% Red + 59% Green + 11% Blue Analog Luminance
U (or Cb)=R-Y the red signal component minus the luminance
V (or Cr)=B-Y the blue signal component minus the lum...', 'DVI - DVI stands for (D)igital (V)ideo (I)nterface. DVI is a new form of video interface technology made to maximize the quality of flat panel LCD monitors and high- end video graphics cards. It is a replacement for the P&D Plug & Display standard, and a step up from the digital-only DFP format for older flat panels. DVI is becoming increasingly popular with video card manufacturers, and most cards pur...');
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depth --;
if (node.nextSibling) {
node = node.nextSibling;
break;
}
}
}
}
};
// Trigger the highlight using the onload handler.
if (Hilite.onload) {
if (window.attachEvent) {
window.attachEvent('onload', Hilite.hilite);
} else if (window.addEventListener) {
window.addEventListener('load', Hilite.hilite, false);
} else {
var __onload = window.onload;
window.onload = function() {
var handlerhilite = function() {
Hilite.hilite();
};
setTimeout(handlerhilite, 250);
__onload();
};
}
}